Interstate Firearms Sales and Transfers


There seems to be a lot of misunderstanding on this subject, a lot of incomplete and incorrect information going around.  So here are the exact requirements and regulations.  These are Federal requirements -- your State may make you do all sorts of nonsense.



How Can I Sell a Gun to Someone In Another State?

A very popular phrase in the firearms ads is "My FFL to yours."  While that certainly would work, only one FFL holder is required, one in the state of destination.  Here is the first question and answer from the ATF Site FAQ's Section:

(B1) To whom may an unlicensed person transfer firearms under the GCA?

A person may sell a firearm to an unlicensed resident of his State,
if the buyer is not prohibited by law from  receiving or possessing a
firearm, or to a licensee in any State. A firearm other than a curio or
relic may not be transferred interstate to a licensed collector.

[18 U.S.C 922(a)(3) and (5), 922(b)(3), 27 CFR 178.29]


Only one FFL holder is needed, in the state you are sending it to.

So if an individual in one state wants to sell a gun to an individual in another state, the seller is not required by law to find an FFL holder.  Only the buyer must find one.

Here are the steps:

  1. The seller, for their protection, needs to verify the receiver is a licensed dealer.  They need to ask for the receiver's FFL Number.
  2. The seller should then go to this website to verify the license and address:  ATF FFL Ez Check Site.
  3. They should print the screen they get.
  4. They can then legally ship the gun to the receiver, but only at the address verified at the Ez Check Site.
  5. The buyer will then go to the receiver's place of business, fill out the forms and pass the background check.


How Can I Buy a Gun From Another State?

This is looking at the flip side of the previous question:

(B3) May an unlicensed person obtain a firearm from an out-of-State
source if he arranges to obtain the firearm through a licensed dealer in his own State?

A person not licensed under the GCA and not prohibited from acquiring
firearms may order a firearm from an out-of-State source and obtain the
firearm if an arrangement is made with a licensed dealer in the
purchaser's  State of residence for the purchaser to obtain the firearm
from the dealer.

[18 U.S.C 922(a)(3) and (5), 922(b)(3), 27 CFR 178.29]

Again, only one dealer is needed.  Also note that you don't have to have the dealer "buy" the firearm for you, you can make all the financial and sales arraignments yourself, tell the seller who will be handling the transfer for you.  Only the transfer must be performed by the FFL holder.

On the same subject, an (apparently?) little known fact.  "I'm in another state of which I'm not a resident -- I can't buy a gun, can I?"  Yes you can:

(B2) From whom may an unlicensed person acquire a firearm under the
GCA?

A person may only buy a firearm within his own State except that he may buy a rifle or shotgun, in person, at a  licensee's premises in any State, provided the sale complies with State laws applicable in the State of sale and  the State where the purchaser resides.

[18 U.S.C 922(a)(3) and (5), 922(b)(3), 27 CFR 178.29]

So, you can buy a shotgun or rifle in any state, it just has to be in person (and legal in that state and yours).

(Did you know an individual can buy a shotgun at a gun show in another state, but a licensed dealer cannot?)



Can You Ship That Gun to That FFL Holder in Another State?
To Anyone in Your State?
(B8) May a nonlicensee ship a firearm through the mail?

A nonlicensee may mail a shotgun or rifle to a resident of his own
State or to a licensee in any State. Handguns are not mailable. A common
or contract carrier must be used to ship a handgun. A nonlicensee may
not transfer a handgun to a non licensed resident of another State.

The Postal Service recommends that longguns be sent by registered
mail and that no marking of any kind which would indicate the nature of
the contents be placed on the outside of any parcel containing firearms.

A carrier must be notified that the shipment contains a firearm.

In addition, Federal law prohibits common or contract carriers from
requiring or causing any label to be placed on any package indicating
that it contains a firearm.

[18 U.S.C. 922(a)(2)(A) and 922(e), 27 CFR 178.31]

Two important items here.  One, if someone in your state wants to buy your shotgun, you can just mail it to them.  No paperwork, no FFL holders, no nothing.  It might be a good CYA move to use an FFL holder for any transfer, but it is not required.

To ship to a different state, the recipient must be an FFL holder (as previously noted).

You can mail a rifle or shotgun, but not a handgun.  (BTW, a FFL holder can mail a handgun to another FFL Holder).  You can send anything you want via UPS, etc.  Say to UPS "It is being returned for repair" and they will go along.  There is a common belief that an individual can ship only if being sent for repair and return back to them, but that is fiction.
 

Back to Firearms Page



Can I Mail It?

Long guns, yes.  Handguns, no.  (*unless you are an FFL Holder):




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